4.陈惠香、钟泰迪；静脉注射利多卡因对七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼无肌松药条件下气管插管效果的
影响[J]；中华麻醉学杂志；2011.31（4）：416-418
5.PEAN D,FLOCH H,BELIARD C,et al.Propofol versussevoflurane for fiberoptic intubat
ion under spontaneous breathing anesthesia in patients difficult to intubate[J].Mine
rva Anestesiologica.2010.76(10):
6.  HalSC.TheChildwithaDificultAirway:RecognitionandManagement  [J] .CanadianJou
rnalofAnesthesia, 2001, 48:R5.
7. 中华医学会麻醉学分会．困难气道管理专家共识[J]．临床麻醉学杂志
，2009，25(3)：200-203
8王翠玉，顾旭华，吴言悟．右美托咪啶用于清醒纤支镜 引导气管插管镇静的临床研［Ｊ］．
医学研究杂志 ，2013:42(4):121-125
 
9 吴隆延，薛庆生．右美托咪啶复合瑞芬太尼在纤维支气 管镜引导下经鼻清醒气管插管中的应
用［Ｊ］．临床麻醉 学杂志，２０１３；２９（２）：１６６－１６８．
10陈恭达,夏瑞,毛庆军,尹泓,别世杰,郑吉卫.右美托咪定联合插 管型喉罩在困难气道插管中的应
用[J].临床麻醉学杂志.2013, 11(2):129-130
11王前,王天龙,吴岚,薛纪秀.右美托咪定用于困难气道患者纤维 支气管镜清醒气管插管的临床观
察[J].实用药物与临床.2013, 35(7):569-570
12曹波,赵明,陈盼,黄青松,马仁忠,阚明秀.右美托咪啶复合七氟 烷喉罩全麻在切痂植皮术中的临
床应用[J].江苏大学学报(医学版).2013,16(6):544-545
 
13孙兆楚,邱晓晓,唐晓阳,谈珊柏,钱燕宁.瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚或 不同剂量右美托咪定在清醒气
管插管中的应用[J].临床麻醉学 杂志.2015,22(6):555-556
14.Yu C,Li S，Deng F,et a1．Comparison of dexmedetomidine／fentanyl  with midaz
olam／fentanyl combination for sedation and analgesia and analgesia during tooth 
extraction[J]．Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg。2014，43(9)：1148-1153．
15 ChenK.Shen X．Dexmedetomidine and propofol total intravenous anesthesia for 
airway foreign body removal[J]．Ir  J Med Sci,2014,183(3):481-484  
16 HamS Y ,Kim JE,Park C,et a1．Dexmedetomidine does not reduce emergence agit
ation in adults following orthognathic surgery[J]．Aeta Anaesthesiol Scand，2014，
58(8)：955—960．
17Timo Iirola & Sanna Vilo & Tuula Manner &Riku Aantaa & Maria Lahtinen & Mika 
Scheinin &
Klaus T. Olkkola；Bioavailability of dexmedetomidine after intranasaladministration
；PHARMACOKINETICS AND DISPOSITION；Eur J Clin Pharmacol (2011) 67:825–831
 DOI 10.1007/s00228-011-1002-y
18 夏伟鹏，邓晓明；右美托咪定滴鼻用于麻醉的研究进展；蚌埠医学院学报2014年3月第39
卷第3期；415
19 Wang SS,Zhang MZ,Sun Y,et al.The sedative effects and the attenuation of candio
vascular and arousal responses during anesthesia induction and intubationg in pedi
atric patients:a randomized comparison between two different doses of preoperativ
e intranasal dexmedetomidine[J].Paediatr Anaesth.2014,24(3):275-281
20 Heedoo Yoo1 & Timo Iirola2 & Sanna Vilo2 & Tuula Manner2 & Riku Aantaa2 &
Maria Lahtinen3 & Mika Scheinin3 & Klaus T. Olkkola4 & William J. Jusko1；Mechan
ism-based population pharmacokineticand pharmacodynamic modeling of intraven
ous and intranasal dexmedetomidine in healthy subjects；PHARMACODYNAMICS；
Eur J Clin Pharmacol
DOI 10.1007/s00228-015-1913-0