【摘要】自2007年山东省高考英语试题中增加了阅读表达以来,学生已经逐渐适应此类试题,但如何才能在高考中拿到磁体的高分甚至全分?本文从分析命题形式入手,预测了高考命题趋向,并对应试技巧做了点拨。
【关键词】高考背景和用意 高考命题形式 高考命题趋向 应试技巧点拨
一、高考背景和用意
为了更大程度上考查考生的英语综合能力,根据2007年山东省高考英语学科考试说明,英语试题中增加了阅读表达题,是高考试题最突出的变化。经过五年的高考历练,该题型与传统的阅读理解试题相比,确实对于学生英语综合能力的检测更具力度。阅读表达题与传统的阅读理解试题相比,主要具备以下几个特点:
1. 由过去的第一卷中的客观题改为现在第二卷中的主观题,即由选择题改为笔答题。用意在于考查学生的语言表达能力和动手能力。
2. 在考查阅读能力的基础上,增加了对书面表达能力的考查。用意在于进一步检测学生语言输出能力。
3. 问题形式多样。用意在于从多方位和多角度考查学生的阅读和表达能力。
4. 增加了翻译题。用意在于考查学生的翻译能力。(句子结构的分析,文化背景的了解及翻译技巧的考查也一并涉及到。)
5. 增加了开放型题目。用意在于考查学生的思维开放性和多样性。
二、专家评价和反应
阅读表达题目较以往的阅读理解选择题,据高考得分而言,更具梯度,更利于考生之间形成差距,更益于综合能力强的考生显现出来。专家对此做出了以下评价: 该题型能较好地体现新课程目标要求,对推动新课改的纵深发展有着十分重要的意义。根据新的高中英语课程标准(八级)要求,“考生能就口头和书面语言材料的内容发表评价性见解”。而阅读表达题中的开放性问答题恰好能体现这一点。 该题型能有效测试考生的英语语言知识,语言机能和综合语言运用能力,尤其能考查考生对运用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决实际问题的能力,如本题型中的主题锤炼题,句意转换题和文义填空题均能体现这一点。 该题型能够让学生充分展示个性发展及思维的多样性与开放性,并体现对考生文化意识、情感态度等人文素养的考查,如本题型中的开放性回答题和翻译题。 三、高考命题形式
阅读表达共有5道小题,每个小题3分,共15分。问题类型,问题要求和常见问题如下:
主旨概括题
1. 问题要求:概括出整篇短文或短文中某一段落的大意或标题,或指出作者的写作意图。
2. 常见问题:What’s the best title of the passage? What is the purpose of the writer writing this passage? What’s the main idea of the passage?
英文释义题
1. 问题要求:根据所给的英文释义寻找短文中意思相同的句子。
2. 常见问题:Please find out the sentence which can be replaced by the following one.
完成句子题
1. 问题要求:结合上下文,将短文中的空白处用合适的词语补充完整,使短文通顺。
2. 常见问题:Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases.
开放型问题
1. 问题要求:结合个人的观点态度进行表述。
2. 常见问题:What would you do if you were…? What other suggestions would you give? How would you settle the problem if you were…?
句子翻译题
1. 问题要求:将短文中指定的句子翻译成通顺的汉语。
2. 常见问题:Translate the underlined sentence in the…paragraph into Chinese.
回答问题
1.问题要求:根据短文的内容回答问题。
2. 常见题型:List three activities…based on the text.
what emotional difficulties may be cause of the text addition?
How does the author introduce the topic of the text?
四、高考命题趋向
(一) 题例解析
[1] Do you spend over an hour each day texting messages to your friends?Do you frequently ignore work, study, and other activities to check your phone for messages?Are you anxious and restless if you are separated from your mobile phone?Do you hardly ever use your phone to talk any more, and do your thumbs hurt from texting too much?
[2] If ,then it is very possible that you are a textaholic. A textaholic can be defined as someone who is addicted to sending and receiving messages. The main symptoms are a strong desire to text messages, which takes precedence(优先)over everything else. and bad moods, low spirits and a lack of self-confidence if messages fail come in. The root of the problem, as with many addictions, is the desire to escape from emtional difficulties such as stress, anxiety and relationship problems. Experts warn that text addiction is likely to become the most common form of addiction in the future, especially among the young.
[3] So what can you do if you think you may be a textaholic ? The key is to get your life back in balance. Make sure your resist the urge to answer every message you receive, and consider leaving your mobile phone behind occasionally when you go out. Most importantly, make a point of spending quality time with friends and family, and make time to re-learn the art of face-to-face conversation instead of conduction your relationships by means of text messages. Not only will you save time add money, but you may also rediscover the pleasure of true communication.
76.How does the author introduce the topic of the text?(no more than 5 words)
_______________________________________________________________
77.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.(no more than 8 words)
_____________________________________________________
78.What emotional difficulties may be the causes of text addiction? (no more than 5 words)
①____________________②__________________ ③________________
79.What do experts say about text addition? (no more than 14 words)
__________________________________________________________________
80.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? (no more than 8 words)
__________________________________________________________________
整体分析
这是2011年山东高考英语试题。首先,从选材上看,该题所选文章话题时代感强,有较强的现实意义。其次,在题目设置上较之以往,有所创新。不再像以往那样各种提问方式面面俱到,而是根据文章的实际情况,舍弃了“同义语句替换”“翻译句子”等题目。
解决方案
【解析】
76. 此题是问及作者组织文章的方式,即如何提出话题的。通过开头第一段可以看出引出话题的方式是通过问问题。答案为By asking / raising questions
77. 此题是补全题,考查上下文理解和补全的能力。通过上文看是提出一些假设的问题,所以要填的此句是上下段的过渡句,因此应填you answer “yes” to any of the question
78. 此题是细节理解题目。依据第二段第二句话,另外要注意字数限制,也考察学生搜索信息和概括的能力,答案为:stress ,anxiety, relationship problems