3.3 结果与讨论

　　该班在这个学期的讨论共进行了四次，选取的这个班的这个讨论主题是“Why are there so many steel-bars built in the windows?”发帖数有8个，虽然数量少，但都是小组们讨论的精华。

　　第一个学生(Zhong)开始发言，她先是从广州防盗窗的现状谈起：

　　“In Guang Zhou city , you can see the steel bars built in on the windows anywhere.The city is divided into many small parts .”(1)

　　接着她总结了广州安装了防盗窗的感受：

　　“As for us , we just like the birds live in the small cages . Also , we become the prisoner of our own making.”(2)

　　而后她提出了广州不得不安装防盗窗的原因：

　　“There are many reasons for this. Firstly , the society is unsafe. There are many thieves in our city. If we don't use the steel bars, chances are that we might be stolen of everything in our house. Secondly , people can't trust each other nowadays.They are full of the sense of danger. They feel that they need the steel bars to protect themselves. Thirdly , the crime rate raise rapidly in recent years. This increase the uneasiness of people. That is to say people are worrying about the situation. All above I tell may be the main reasons for why are there so many steel barsbuilt in on the windows.”(3)

　　对于安装防盗窗，她个人是反对的：

　　“To be frank with you , I don't like the steel bars built in on the windows . That is the barricade in communication betweenour friends and us . Supposing that if we can get on well with each other , live togetherwithout suspect and give more forgiveness .Therewill be many changes. We no longer need the steel bars , even we can keep our door on the latch . We will feel more freely and the world will be full of love.”(4)

　　其他同学也纷纷表达自己的观点，有一个同学(Li)提到支持安装防盗窗的：

　　Although GZ is a real big city, it also has some unsafe elements. So I thought it’s necessary to use steel bars so as to protect ourselves and our possession. For example, in our college, there are two kinds of classrooms. One kind of the classrooms use steel bars so as to prevent the computers or some other equipments from being stolen. There are many senseless criminals in the city. Therefore, we must use some things to protect some valuable things. It is a common phenomenon that we can see so many steel-bars built in the windows. In my opinion, it’s very necessary. Firstly, we can protect ourselves and our family members. Secondly, our possession may not be stolen easily. Finally, although we can’t stop crimes, we can also guard against them.(5)

　　同时，有同学(Xie)从现代社会的发展谈到防盗窗的必要性：

　　Look around the place we live in,it doesn’t need to ask the question that why are there so many steel-bars built in the window in such modern life. Ithink the most important reason is that our life including the house and body are at risk every time.We often hear some unhappy events, suchas someone breaks into the house and stoles the money or other expensive things, evenkills the people who defend against him.This news makespeople full of fear and worried about their safety. Somany people like to make steel-bars built in the window to prevent the thief from breaking into the house. (6)

　　他提出了一些措施：

　　“I think the police station should put more power in the patrol. Thenwhen we happen to experience someone breaks into the neighbour's house, we ought to call the policeman at right. Wemust know to help others. (7)

　　也有同学(Huang)从宏观角度来谈，如各国情况、广播、媒体等：

　　Nowadays,many countries, especially the big countries, build the steel bars in the windows. Many people think that in this way, wecan be safe and protect ourselves well in this dangerous society whose criminal percentage is increasing sharply. Somany reports in TV or newspapers warn us everyday.This situation is so mournful.(8)

　　Huang同学从加强政府职能，强化教育方面提出了自己独特的建议：

　　As far as I’m concern, if the government givesus enough guarantees, it may not be so much crime. Because all the people have their sense of content. When they have enough food and clothes, most of them will be satisfied. And their may not be so much violence. Onthe other hand, education is also a big problem. If the people all have accepted the education, then, their will not be so much criminal. Now, we think up many ways to protect ourselves. In fact, we have locked ourselves. And as we all know, the lock can not stop the criminal. They can easily break into our room and steal our fortune. So, how can we do? Buying more electric appliance?It seems that it is logjam. So why not strengthen the government’spower?(9)

　　根据布卢姆的教育分类，对这些发帖进行了归类研究，如下表所示： 水平层次 行为描述 例子 低级：回忆或理解 强调记忆和书本理解的行为：解释、列举、描述、

　　定义、展示等 1，7 中级：应用或分析 运用知识分解知识的能力的行为：组织、分类、

　　相关、排序、讨论、分组、应用、比较和合并等 2，3，6 高级：评价或创造 把知识结合起来或形成新的评价以及提出新的解决

　　办法的行为：延伸、设计、重建、重组、提议、

　　预测、使用标准、判断、争辩、评价等 4，5，8

　　从上述统计看，发帖数量少，但发帖的质量比较高，主要集中在中级阶段，应该来说，同学们课下的准备做得比较充分，尽管每个人讲的只是议题的一部分，但就每一部分来说内容的探讨较为全面。

　　4 研究的启示

　　研究中，还有其他班级的帖子也在我们研究范围里，但发现学生发帖的数量相当多但质量参差不齐，大多的帖子是一句始两句止，这些只有助于情感的交流，对于提高思维能力并没有太多的帮助。也许这也是为什么很多进行网络论坛的老师感觉困惑的地方，时间花了，效果没有达到。

　　而上面的讨论是选自一位有经验教师的网络论坛，他的困惑在于，学生发言的质量高，但参与度太少，而且不太活跃，交互的程度不够激烈。

　　网络论坛除了是学生们情感交流的地方，更重要的是思想的交流平台，要鼓励更多高质量的发言涌现，必然对学生的参与和发言有相应的要求。由以上的研究分类，我们设计了几个保证网络论坛交流质量的关键要素：

　　1. 教师要精心设计题目。

　　题目设计的好坏决定了一次论坛讨论的成功与否。在每开启一场网上论坛时，教师都要有明确的主题要求，而不能是简单的一个大主题，应该把题目缩窄至某一个讨论点。这就要求讨论前要有足够的语言摄入，这包括课堂上教师就某一学生感兴趣的主题进行阅读和讨论，课后学生阅读相关话题的资料。这些大量的已理解的输入为在线讨论做好了铺垫——在语言上，学生已有了一定的表达基础;在动机上，学生渴望表现的愿望，通过在线讨论这个场所得到满足。

　　2. 对学生的参与要有具体要求。

　　网上讨论不是灌水，是提高英语表达能力的一个渠道。因此，对学生的参与必须有严格的要求。如要求学生表达的时候细心谨慎，语言要斟酌，尽可能有理有据的表达，可以有热闹的场面，但一定要避免没有进行思考的随意发言。如果把网上论坛看成是教师评估学生学习情况的一个必要的手段时，务必对学生的发言要有发帖的长度、深度的要求。只有要求，才会有更有效的输出出现。

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