【分　 类】 文化研究
【关 键 词】 模糊轨痕迹理论，联想激活模型，错误记忆，双语学习者，自主性
【来 　源】 互联网
【收　 录】 中文学术期刊网

正文：

6   结语
虽然模糊痕迹理论与联想激活模型的解释通常能对双语儿童与成人的错误记忆做出相似的预测，但它们做出类似的预测却有着不同的原因。例如：两个模型都一致认为语言内条件下的真实再现比语言间条件要好，这两个模型也都认为真实与错误再现的比例也应该随着年龄的增长而增长。模糊痕迹理论做出这些预测是因为要点记忆与表层记忆中的相对变化，而联想激活模型也做出这样的预测是因为提取记忆轨迹与它们的内在联系自主性的加强。然而这两种理论在预测双语处理任务中错误记忆的发展时存在分歧。与模糊痕迹理论不一样，联想激活解释不仅要求概念结构同受试者背景知识有联系，而且还要求支持激活这些概念与概念的内在联系的过程是一种自动化过程。尽管DRM任务中所使用的概念出现在儿童背景知识中的事实，但是对这些概念（还有概念的内在关系）的提取路径没有在双语成人实验中的结果那样自主。因为错误记忆的高频率出现与增长与激活的自主性有联系，即便是双语概念在儿童背景知识中存在，然而这些概念的存在也不能保证错误记忆的增长。只有概念的提取成为一种自动化的过程，才会出现错误记忆的增加。正如前面已经说明的一样，提取双语记忆的自主性随着双语学习者对双语的学习时间与熟练程度而逐渐形成。因为这种自主性在双语成人中要比双语儿童中更容易出现；与模糊痕迹理论相反，联想激活模型预测成人在语言间条件下比语言内条件下产生更多的错误记忆，而双语儿童中不会出现这种增多的错误记忆。也就是说，无论年龄大小，模糊痕迹理论预测语言间比语言内出现更多的错误记忆，而联想激活模型预测了不同年龄的跨语言互动效应。
 
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