正文:多囊卵巢综合征患者小卵泡选择受阻及排卵障碍的原因是与患者血液中雄激素水平高有关[7]。卵巢打孔术是通过切除部分卵巢组织或者破坏部分卵巢间质,使分泌雄激素的卵巢组织减少,从而达到降低血中雄激素水平的目的[7],小卵泡穿刺抽吸术在第一次进行抽吸后,雄激素水平并不能降低,可能与经阴道卵泡穿刺抽吸术对卵巢的手术创伤小,不能破坏卵巢间质组织有关。
小卵泡穿刺抽吸术通过抽吸使卵巢内产生雄激素的细胞减少,从而减少了雄激素的合成及雄激素对卵泡成熟的抑制作用;另外,破坏了部分卵巢组织,HPO轴受到影响,从而达到降低LH水平的目的。宫腔内人工受精是治疗不孕症的一个重要的方式,是指通过优选处理男方精液浓缩至0.3-0.5ml,直接通过人工受精管放入宫腔内的一种操作。本研究结果显示经过小卵泡穿刺抽吸术后促排卵治疗3个月经周期中有58例恢复正常排卵,排卵率达到87.9%,有27例获得成功妊娠,其中对照组11例妊娠,妊娠率34.4%,观察组14例获得妊娠,妊娠率为41.2%,相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);这表明通过B超引导下经阴道小卵泡穿刺抽吸术治疗耐药PCOS患者是安全可行的。有学者认为小卵泡穿刺抽吸术治疗耐药PCOS患者并发症少,对卵巢损伤程度小,没有或很少有发生卵巢早衰的风险[15-16]。
总之,小卵泡穿刺抽吸术联合宫腔内人工授精治疗耐药PCOS不孕可以有效的提高患者的临床妊娠率,降低OHSS等并发症的发生率,有重要的临床意义。
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